세계문화 유산지도 (2020)

WORLD HERITAGE MAP Build Friendships and Share Dreams with People Across the World! Do you want to build friendships and share dreams with people across the world? To build true global friendships, there is one precondition. That is to learn and respect their culture and history. To help you do so, VANK created a map of world cultural assets that introduce you to the world’s history and culture. The map includes 40 cultural assets around the world. Did you know that the legendary Troy actually exists in Turkey? In Spain, the church that Antoni Gaudi started in 1883 is still under construction. In Zimbabwe, impressive stone edifices were built by the indigenous Shona people from the 11th to the 15th century. In Korea, Jikji, the world’s oldest extant book printed with movable metal type, was printed in 1377. In Peru, an ancient city in the clouds was built at 2,430 meters above sea level on the slopes of the Andes by the Incas. Did we miss cultural assets in your or your friends’ countries? Tell us about them. Are you interested in making Korean friends? Visit the VANK website! Here you will find Korean friends, who will introduce you to Korean culture and history. → Friendly Korea Community: chingu.prkorea.com →Friendly Korea Community chingu.prkorea.com ① Jikji Jikji is the world’s oldest existing book printed with movable metal type. It is a collection of Buddhist teachings, printed at Heungdeok Temple in Cheongju, Korea, in 1377. It was found and made public in 1972 by Korean historian Dr. Byeongseon Park (1929-2011), a librarian at the National Library of France at the time. Its appearance surprised the world. Until then, Gutenberg’s 42-line Bible, printed in 1455, was believed to be the oldest book ever printed with movable metal type. Historically, Korea has had an advanced printing technology. The Mugujeonggwang Daedaranigyeong, the world’s oldest book printed with wooden blocks, was printed in 751. Before Jikji was printed, Korea already had the advanced metal-casting, paper-making, and inkstick-making techniques that are necessary for movable metal type printing. Joseon (1392-1910) installed a government office dedicated to casting metal type and printing and published many books. ② Angkor Wat Angkor Wat is a temple in northern Cambodia, built by Suryavarman II (r. 1113-1150)of the Khmer empire in the 12th century. It was originally a Hindu temple and was later converted to a Buddhist temple. It is a huge complex in the shape of a rectangle of 1,000 meters from east to west and 800 meters from south to north, surrounded by a 200-meter-wide moat. The temple is made up of three levels with a 65-meter-high central tower and four surrounding towers on the third level. Its architecture, sculptures, and bas-relief carvings are exquisite. Angkor Archaeological Park contains over 1,000 temples, representative of Khmer architecture, religion, and art. Besides Angkor Wat, the Bayon temple in Angkor Thom and the Ta Prohm temple are among the most popular. ③ Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal is a palace-mausoleum in the Indian city of Agra, which was the capital of the Mughal Empire. During his reign (1628-1658), Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in memory of his late wife Mumtaz Mahal. Numerous resources were used to build the enormous mausoleum. During its 22 years of construction, architects and engineers were brought in from Italy, France, and Iran, and over 20,000 workers were put to work. Past the main gate, a 300-meter-long water channel stretches toward the impressive white marble mausoleum. The mausoleum is elegantly decorated with geometric patterns, Quran verses, and precious stones. ④ Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu Machu Picchu was an ancient city of the Inca Empire built at 2,430 meters above sea level on the slopes of the Andes. The Inca Empire ruled the Andes region of South America from the 15th to the early 16th century. Due to its location on a high mountain range, this ancient Inca site remained hidden for centuries. Spreading across 32,592ha, Machu Picchu contains elaborate stone temples, palaces, houses, and agricultural terraces. Carved into the steep mountainside, the stepped agricultural terraces occupy the largest area of this archeological site. Machu Picchu relics, mostly built on mountain slopes, seamlessly blend in with their natural surroundings. Machu Picchu is also an ecological sanctuary that houses diverse wildlife in dense forests. ⑤ Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen Itza Chichen Itza is the ancient Mayan-Toltec city site on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. The Mayan civilization was developed by the Mayans in Central America, several centuries. The Mayans made remarkable advancements in many areas, including architecture, sculpture, astronomy, and mathematics. They settled in Chichen Itza in the mid-fifth century but suddenly abandoned the area in the late seventh century. In the 10th century, Chichen Itza rose again as a religious and political center in the region. Surviving buildings, such as the Warriors’ Temple, El Castillo pyramid (also known as the Temple of Kukulcan), and the circular observatory of El Caracol, reveal the height of the Mayan-Toltec civilization. ⑥ Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is the tomb complex of the first Chinese emperor Qin Shi Huang (259-210 BC) in the city of Xian in northwest China. Qin Shi Huang unified China and declared himself emperor for the first time in Chinese history. The famous terracotta army was discovered in 1974 by local farmers digging a well, around 1km east of the mausoleum. Thousands of life-size clay soldiers and horses and bronze chariots and weapons were found in the pits. A total of four pits have been excavated. Pit #1 is the largest at 210 meters long and 60 meters wide. Each clay warrior is different in facial features, expressions, and styles. ⑦ Stonehenge Stonehenge is a prehistoric stone monument on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. It remains a mystery who and why they built it. This mysterious monument is made up of 80 stones, mainly shale and bluestone, standing up to 8 meters high and weighing 50 tons each, in a circular formation. These giant standing stones are surrounded by a 98-meter-diameter circular ditch. In 1963, the renowned British scientific journal Nature published a theory that Stonehenge was an astronomical observatory. However, this theory still has not been proven. Thus, we still question: Who and why did they build Stonehenge? ⑧ Palace of Versailles The Palace of Versailles is a Baroque-style palace in the city of Versailles, southwest of Paris, France. It was originally Louis XIII’s hunting lodge. Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715) turned it into a luxurious palace complex by building the palace and massive gardens. In 1682, the Sun King moved his court and government to the Palace of Versailles, which was the center of politics until the royal family was forced to move to Paris in 1789 during the French Revolution. At its center lie the bedrooms of the king and the queen and lavish rooms, such as the Hall of Mirrors. Its vast gardens with flowers, trees, fountains, and canals are considered the first of its kind and scale for a European garden. ⑨ Gutenberg’s 42-line Bible Gutenberg’s 42-line Bible, printed in 1455, is the first book printed with movable metal type in Europe. It contains 1,282 pages with two columns of 42 lines on each page. In the mid-15th century, Johannes Gutenberg(1390s-1468) invented movable metal type printing technology at his printing workshop in Mainz, Germany. With movable type, he printed 180 copies of the Bible for three years, which was the amount of time a scribe took to copy the entire Bible before the printing press. His invention made a significant contribution to spreading knowledge and information by increasing the efficiency of printing. ⑩ Sagrada Familia The Sagrada Familia is a Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, Spain. It was designed and constructed by legendary Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926). He took charge of this project in 1883, fundamentally changed its initial design, and dedicated over 40 years of his life to constructing the church until his death. This church shows his creativity and strong religious faith. It has three grand facades that depict the birth, ordeal, and glory of Christ. Only the birth facade was completed during his lifetime. This unfinished masterpiece is still being constructed.